AEMCA Practice Exam

What causes chronic bronchitis?

1. Exposure to cold temperatures

2. Irritants damaging cilia and airway lining

3. Viral infections only

4. Genetics and hereditary factors

The correct answer is: Irritants damaging cilia and airway lining

Chronic bronchitis is primarily caused by exposure to irritants that damage the cilia and the airway lining, leading to inflammation and increased mucus production. The most common irritants include tobacco smoke, air pollution, dust, and chemical exposure. When these irritants persistently affect the airways, they result in long-term changes that characterize chronic bronchitis, such as narrowing of the airways and chronic coughing. While genetics and hereditary factors can potentially play a role in an individual's susceptibility to respiratory conditions, they are not the primary causative factors in chronic bronchitis. Viral infections may contribute to acute episodes of bronchitis but do not cause the chronic condition itself. Exposure to cold temperatures has no direct involvement in the development of chronic bronchitis. The focus remains on the sustained exposure to harmful substances that lead to the chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes and the resulting symptoms.