AEMCA Practice Exam

What characterizes metabolic acidosis?

1. Accumulation of bicarbonate

2. Increased oxygen levels

3. Excess H+ ions in the body

4. High levels of carbon dioxide

The correct answer is: Excess H+ ions in the body

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by an excess of hydrogen ions (H+) in the body, leading to a decrease in blood pH. This condition can occur due to various reasons, such as the production of excess acids in metabolic processes, renal failure where the body is unable to excrete acids effectively, or a loss of bicarbonate through diarrhea. The increased concentration of hydrogen ions results in a more acidic environment, affecting various physiological processes and potentially leading to symptoms like fatigue, confusion, and shortness of breath. In this context, the accumulation of bicarbonate would lead to metabolic alkalosis, increased oxygen levels are not directly related to acidosis, and high levels of carbon dioxide are more indicative of respiratory acidosis rather than metabolic acidosis. Understanding the role of hydrogen ions is crucial in recognizing metabolic acidosis and its implications for healthcare management.