AEMCA Practice Exam

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What complication can arise from changes in pressure while diving?

Barotrauma
Hyperventilation
Respiratory failure
Altitude sickness

The correct answer is: Barotrauma

Barotrauma is a specific injury that occurs as a result of pressure changes experienced during diving. As a diver descends or ascends, the pressure surrounding the body changes significantly. If a diver does not equalize the pressure in air spaces within the body, such as the ears, sinuses, or lungs, it can lead to tissue damage. For example, when ascending too quickly after a dive, the expanding gases in the lungs can rupture the lung tissues, causing barotrauma. This condition is clinically significant because it can lead to severe complications, such as pneumothorax or other respiratory issues, depending on which air space is affected. Proper equalization techniques and gradual ascents or descents are essential for divers to prevent barotrauma and ensure their safety underwater.