AEMCA Practice Exam

What components make up the pericardium?

1. Mucous and serous membrane

2. Fibrous and serous membrane

3. Muscular and elastic layers

4. Endocardium and myocardium

The correct answer is: Fibrous and serous membrane

The pericardium is a double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart. It consists of two main components: the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium. The fibrous pericardium is the outer layer, composed of tough connective tissue, which provides structural support and protects the heart from over-expansion during vigorous activity. It prevents friction between the heart and surrounding structures during movement. The serous pericardium is the inner layer and is further divided into two parts: the parietal layer, which lines the fibrous pericardium, and the visceral layer (also known as the epicardium), which covers the heart itself. The serous fluid found between these layers allows the heart to move smoothly as it beats. This structure is essential for maintaining the heart's function and protecting it from the surrounding environment, ensuring that it can operate efficiently. Other options mentioned do not accurately describe the components of the pericardium, as they refer to unrelated structures or tissues found in different contexts.