AEMCA Practice Exam

What conditions are diuretics commonly used to treat?

1. Diabetes and anxiety disorders

2. CHF, hypertension, and cerebral edema

3. Depression and chronic fatigue syndrome

4. Asthma and allergic reactions

The correct answer is: CHF, hypertension, and cerebral edema

Diuretics are commonly used to treat conditions such as congestive heart failure (CHF), hypertension (high blood pressure), and cerebral edema. These medications work by increasing the excretion of water and electrolytes through the kidneys, which helps in reducing fluid overload in patients with heart failure and lowers blood pressure by decreasing blood volume. In cases of CHF, diuretics alleviate symptoms caused by excess fluid, such as swelling and shortness of breath. For hypertension, they reduce the volume of blood, making it easier for the heart to pump and therefore lowering blood pressure. Additionally, in the context of cerebral edema, diuretics can help decrease swelling associated with conditions affecting the brain, providing relief and reducing intracranial pressure. The other conditions listed do not typically involve the use of diuretics, as they target different underlying mechanisms and require alternative treatment approaches.