AEMCA Practice Exam

What defines bacterial meningitis?

1. Infection of the bone surrounding the brain

2. Infection and inflammation of the meningeal layers due to bacteria

3. A viral infection of the brain

4. Injury to the spinal cord

The correct answer is: Infection and inflammation of the meningeal layers due to bacteria

Bacterial meningitis is specifically characterized by the infection and inflammation of the meningeal layers, which are the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This condition arises when bacteria enter the bloodstream and reach the meninges, leading to an inflammatory response. Common infectious agents include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis, among others. The symptoms of bacterial meningitis often present rapidly and can include severe headaches, fever, stiff neck, and altered mental status, reflecting the severity of the infection and the body's response to it. Timely diagnosis and treatment are critical, as bacterial meningitis can lead to severe complications, including brain damage, hearing loss, and can be life-threatening. The other provided options describe different medical conditions or issues that do not pertain to bacterial meningitis. An infection of the bone surrounding the brain refers to a condition known as cranial osteomyelitis. A viral infection of the brain might refer to viral meningitis or encephalitis, and injury to the spinal cord pertains to traumatic injuries affecting the spinal structures without the involvement of meningitis. Thus, the choice identifying infection and inflammation of the meningeal layers appropriately defines bacterial meningitis.