AEMCA Practice Exam

What do peroxisomes do inside the cell?

1. Destroy free radicals and toxins

2. Repair cell membrane damage

3. Assist in protein synthesis

4. Store waste products

The correct answer is: Destroy free radicals and toxins

Peroxisomes play a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances. One of their primary functions is the destruction of free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause oxidative damage to cells. Peroxisomes contain enzymes, such as catalase and oxidases, that facilitate the conversion of hydrogen peroxide—a toxic byproduct of cellular metabolism—into water and oxygen, effectively neutralizing potential harm to the cell. In addition to combating oxidative stress, peroxisomes also participate in the breakdown of various metabolites and play a role in lipid metabolism. This detoxification process is vital for maintaining cellular health and preventing damage from reactive oxygen species. The other options represent functions that are not primarily associated with peroxisomes. While cell membrane repair, protein synthesis, and waste storage are essential cellular activities, they are primarily managed by other organelles such as lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, the primary function of peroxisomes is accurately reflected in the correct answer.