AEMCA Practice Exam

What does an increase in intracranial pressure indicate in the context of bacterial meningitis?

1. A normal response to brain activity

2. A sign of infection and inflammation

3. A result of dehydration

4. No significance

The correct answer is: A sign of infection and inflammation

An increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) in the context of bacterial meningitis is indeed a sign of infection and inflammation. In cases of bacterial meningitis, pathogens invade the protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord, leading to an inflammatory response. This inflammation can cause swelling, which in turn increases the pressure within the skull. The presence of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid triggers an immune response, where white blood cells (such as neutrophils) are attracted to the site of infection. This influx of immune cells, along with the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators, amplifies the inflammatory response. As the immune system works to fight the infection, the increased vascular permeability and resultant edema contribute to elevated ICP. Monitoring ICP is critical in these patients, as elevated levels can lead to potentially life-threatening complications including brain herniation. Therefore, an increase in ICP serves as an important clinical indicator of the severity and progression of the condition, necessitating prompt medical intervention.