AEMCA Practice Exam

What hormone do beta cells release from the pancreas?

1. Glucagon

2. Insulin

3. Cortisol

4. Adrenaline

The correct answer is: Insulin

Beta cells, which are located in the pancreas, specifically secrete insulin. Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels rise after eating, insulin is released into the bloodstream, facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells to be used for energy or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues. This regulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body and preventing conditions such as hyperglycemia. The other hormones listed in the options serve different functions. Glucagon, for instance, is released by alpha cells in the pancreas and works to raise blood sugar levels when they are low. Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and is involved in the response to stress, among other functions. Lastly, adrenaline (or epinephrine) is also released from the adrenal glands during stress responses, increasing heart rate and energy mobilization. Understanding these roles highlights the importance of insulin's specific function in glucose metabolism and overall energy management in the body.