AEMCA Practice Exam

What is a key consequence of chronic bronchitis?

1. Normal cilia function

2. Increased gas exchange efficiency

3. Mucus plugs leading to increased dead space

4. Reduced production of goblet cells

The correct answer is: Mucus plugs leading to increased dead space

A key consequence of chronic bronchitis is the presence of mucus plugs that can lead to increased dead space within the lungs. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by long-term inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which results in increased production of mucus. This excess mucus can obstruct the airways and create mucus plugs, preventing air from reaching the alveoli effectively. As a result, these mucus plugs can reduce the areas of the lungs available for gas exchange, essentially creating 'dead space' where air cannot participate in the gas exchange process. This not only affects oxygen levels but can also lead to the retention of carbon dioxide, causing further issues in respiratory function and overall health. The other options do not accurately reflect the physiological impact of chronic bronchitis. For instance, normal cilia function is compromised because the inflammation and excess mucus hinder the cilia's ability to clear out debris and pathogens. Increased gas exchange efficiency is the opposite of what occurs, as the presence of mucus plugs reduces rather than enhances gas exchange. Lastly, chronic bronchitis is associated with an increased number of goblet cells, which are responsible for producing mucus, rather than a reduction in their production.