AEMCA Practice Exam

What is Addison's disease characterized by?

1. An increase in cortisol production.

2. A decrease in cortisol production.

3. An increase in insulin levels.

4. A decrease in insulin production.

The correct answer is: A decrease in cortisol production.

Addison's disease is characterized by a decrease in cortisol production due to damage to the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands, located above the kidneys, are responsible for producing several hormones, including cortisol, which plays a crucial role in stress response, metabolism, and immune function. In individuals with Addison's disease, the adrenal glands are unable to produce sufficient amounts of cortisol, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and changes in skin pigmentation, among others. This condition is often a result of autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex, but other factors can contribute to adrenal insufficiency as well. In relation to the other choices, an increase in cortisol production is not characteristic of Addison's disease; instead, it may occur in conditions like Cushing's syndrome. Insulin levels and production are primarily related to pancreatic function and diabetes, thus they are not directly relevant to Addison's disease.