AEMCA Practice Exam

What is an appropriate action if a patient with hypothermia exhibits altered mental status?

1. Remove all clothing immediately

2. Begin external warming measures

3. Provide oral fluids

4. Position them upright

The correct answer is: Begin external warming measures

In cases of hypothermia where a patient exhibits altered mental status, initiating external warming measures is essential for stabilizing their condition. Hypothermia causes the body’s core temperature to drop, leading to a range of physiological effects, including cognitive impairment and lethargy. By applying external warming techniques, such as using blankets, heating pads, or warm air, the body can raise its core temperature gradually and safely. This is crucial as rewarming helps restore normal bodily functions, including mental clarity. While removing all clothing might seem logical to help with warming, it can actually expose the individual to additional heat loss, especially if they are in a cold environment. Providing oral fluids could be beneficial in some cases, but in a patient with altered mental status, there’s a risk of aspiration if they're unable to swallow properly. Positioning the individual upright is generally not advisable, as it could lead to complications and may not facilitate effective warming. The primary focus should be on rewarming the patient safely to counteract the effects of hypothermia.