AEMCA Practice Exam

What is one function of the Golgi apparatus?

1. Energy production

2. Protein modification and packaging

3. Detoxification

4. Cell division

The correct answer is: Protein modification and packaging

The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the processing and packaging of proteins and lipids that have been synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Once proteins and lipids reach the Golgi apparatus, they undergo various modifications, such as glycosylation, which involves the addition of carbohydrate groups. This modification is essential for the proper functioning of these molecules as they prepare for their final destinations, whether that be secretion from the cell or delivery to other organelles. After the modification process, the Golgi apparatus packages the proteins into vesicles, which then transport them to their intended locations. This function underscores the Golgi apparatus's critical role in the secretion of hormones, enzymes, and other vital biomolecules, thereby underscoring its importance in cellular communication and metabolism. Other options like energy production are primarily functions of the mitochondria, detoxification is generally associated with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and liver cells' actions, and cell division is managed by structures like the centrosomes and mitotic spindle. This distinction highlights why the function of protein modification and packaging is uniquely attributed to the Golgi apparatus.