AEMCA Practice Exam

What is the primary function of neutrophils?

1. To release heparin

2. To produce antibodies

3. To perform phagocytosis

4. To help in blood clotting

The correct answer is: To perform phagocytosis

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response, particularly in the body's defense against infections. Their primary function is to perform phagocytosis, which is the process of engulfing and digesting pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi. When an infection occurs, neutrophils are among the first responders to migrate to the site of infection, where they utilize their ability to phagocytize invaders, thereby helping to eliminate them from the body. This function is vital in maintaining health, as neutrophils help prevent infections from spreading and contain localized infections. Their role is essential, especially in the early stages of inflammation when the body is actively fighting off pathogens. While other options mention processes such as releasing heparin, producing antibodies, and aiding in blood clotting, these activities are primarily associated with other cells or functions in the immune and circulatory systems. For instance, heparin is released by basophils for anticoagulation, antibodies are produced by B cells, and blood clotting involves platelets and clotting factors. Therefore, the action of neutrophils performing phagocytosis stands out as their primary and definitive role in the immune response.