AEMCA Practice Exam

What is the recommended ventilation rate for an adult patient when ETCO2 is unavailable?

1. 15 breaths/min

2. 20 breaths/min

3. 25 breaths/min

4. 30 breaths/min

The correct answer is: 20 breaths/min

The recommended ventilation rate for an adult patient when ETCO2 (end-tidal carbon dioxide) monitoring is unavailable is 10 to 12 breaths per minute during normal circumstances. However, in certain emergency situations, a higher rate may be indicated to ensure adequate oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide, particularly if the patient is not breathing adequately or is in respiratory distress. In this context, a ventilation rate of 20 breaths per minute is often deemed appropriate in acute settings, especially when dealing with an unresponsive patient or in cases of arrest or severe respiratory compromise. This rate allows for sufficient ventilation with the aim of maintaining adequate oxygenation and ensuring the clearance of carbon dioxide. Choosing this ventilation strategy helps to create a balance between providing enough breaths to support oxygenation and preventing the risk of hyperventilation, which can lead to a decrease in venous return and potentially compromise cardiac output. Rationalizing the decision to use 20 breaths per minute stems from current guidelines suggesting a focus on delivering effective ventilations that are neither excessive nor insufficient in critical care scenarios.