AEMCA Practice Exam

What is the sequence of events leading to infant respiratory distress syndrome?

1. Hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia

2. Hypoxemia, hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis

3. Respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia, hypercapnia

4. Respiratory failure, oxygen deficit, increased CO2

The correct answer is: Respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia, hypercapnia

The sequence of events leading to infant respiratory distress syndrome typically begins with respiratory acidosis, which occurs as the infant fails to effectively ventilate and rid the body of carbon dioxide. When the infant's ability to exhale properly is compromised, elevated levels of carbon dioxide, or hypercapnia, result, leading to a decrease in blood pH, thus causing respiratory acidosis. Following the development of respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia, or low levels of oxygen in the blood, occurs. This happens because inadequate ventilation means that oxygen cannot enter the lungs efficiently, contributing to poor oxygenation of the blood. The combination of respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia creates a detrimental cycle, where the body's inability to regulate carbon dioxide and oxygen levels leads to significant distress. Understanding this sequence is crucial for recognizing how these physiological changes can intensify respiratory distress in infants. It provides insight into the condition and emphasizes the importance of timely medical intervention to restore proper respiratory function and gas exchange.