AEMCA Practice Exam

What is the target ETCO2 value that should be maintained in head injury patients?

1. 25-30 mmHg

2. 30-35 mmHg

3. 35-40 mmHg

4. 40-45 mmHg

The correct answer is: 35-40 mmHg

The target ETCO2 value that should be maintained in head injury patients is aimed at ensuring that cerebral perfusion and oxygenation are optimized. Maintaining an ETCO2 level in the range of 35-40 mmHg is crucial because this range helps to avoid both hypercapnia (excess carbon dioxide) and hypocapnia (insufficient carbon dioxide), both of which can have adverse effects on the brain. In head injury patients, managing carbon dioxide levels is particularly important as elevated levels can cause cerebrovascular dilation, potentially increasing intracranial pressure (ICP), whereas excessively low levels can lead to vasoconstriction and reduced cerebral blood flow, risking ischemia. Therefore, targeting an ETCO2 of 35-40 mmHg represents a balance that supports adequate perfusion while limiting the risk of increasing ICP, making it the optimal choice for managing head injuries. In contrast, the other ranges are either too low or too high, which could lead to complications associated with impaired cerebral circulation or increased ICP.