AEMCA Practice Exam

What might cause metabolic alkalosis?

1. Overuse of diuretics

2. Chronic acidosis

3. Asthma

4. Overconsumption of fats

The correct answer is: Overuse of diuretics

Metabolic alkalosis is a condition characterized by an increased blood pH due to an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of hydrogen ions. Overuse of diuretics can lead to this condition as they often increase the excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions, leading to a higher concentration of bicarbonate in the blood. This can create an alkaline state within the body, particularly when the diuretics cause significant fluid loss or electrolyte imbalances, which can manifest as metabolic alkalosis. The other factors listed typically do not lead to metabolic alkalosis. Chronic acidosis would lead to a decreased blood pH, indicating an opposite condition. Asthma does not directly cause metabolic alkalosis; it may lead to respiratory acidosis due to impaired gas exchange. Overconsumption of fats does not have a direct link to causing metabolic alkalosis either, as it primarily affects metabolic states related to lipid metabolism and does not impact the acid-base balance in the same way as diuretics do. Thus, the association between diuretic overuse and the development of metabolic alkalosis is well-documented in medical literature.