AEMCA Practice Exam

What physiological response occurs in IDDM regarding glucose?

1. Glucose is efficiently absorbed by tissues.

2. Glucose builds up in the bloodstream.

3. The liver converts glucose into fat.

4. Insulin prevents glucose production in the liver.

The correct answer is: Glucose builds up in the bloodstream.

In individuals with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), also known as Type 1 Diabetes, the physiological response concerning glucose predominantly involves the accumulation of glucose in the bloodstream. This occurs due to the lack of insulin production by the pancreas, which is the primary issue in IDDM. Insulin is crucial for facilitating the uptake of glucose by various tissues in the body, especially muscle and fat tissues. When insulin is insufficient or absent, as is the case in IDDM, glucose cannot effectively enter these cells, leading to elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream, a condition referred to as hyperglycemia. This condition can result in a series of metabolic disturbances and symptoms, including increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. Chronic high levels of blood glucose can lead to serious complications, including cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, and kidney problems among others. Understanding this mechanism is essential for managing diabetes and recognizing the critical role insulin plays in metabolic processes involving glucose.