AEMCA Practice Exam

What role do buffers play in the body?

1. They regulate body temperature

2. They control pH balance

3. They store energy

4. They transport nutrients

The correct answer is: They control pH balance

Buffers play a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance within the body. The human body operates optimally within a narrow pH range, typically around 7.35 to 7.45 for blood. If the pH deviates significantly from this range, it can lead to acidosis or alkalosis, both of which can disrupt various physiological processes. Buffers, which are typically comprised of weak acids and their conjugate bases, help to neutralize excess acids or bases. This ability to resist changes in pH is essential for normal cellular function and metabolic processes. For instance, the bicarbonate buffer system, one of the primary buffering systems in the body, involves carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions. This system allows the body to manage fluctuations in acidity that may occur from metabolic processes or breathing. By controlling pH balance, buffers contribute significantly to homeostasis, ensuring that the conditions in the body remain conducive to life and health.