AEMCA Practice Exam

What substances do basophils release?

1. Hemoglobin and oxygen

2. Histamine and heparin

3. Lymphokines and cytokines

4. Defensins and antibodies

The correct answer is: Histamine and heparin

Basophils are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response, particularly in allergic reactions and inflammatory processes. They release key substances that are important for these functions. Histamine is a compound that causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable, leading to increased blood flow and swelling in the affected tissues during an allergic response. Heparin, on the other hand, is an anticoagulant that helps to prevent blood clotting, allowing for better blood flow to the area of inflammation. The combination of histamine and heparin released by basophils helps to initiate and sustain inflammatory responses, making the body more responsive to pathogens and allergens. This is particularly relevant in conditions like asthma or hay fever, where these cells act to amplify the immune response. Understanding this function helps illustrate the important role basophils play in the body's defense mechanisms.