AEMCA Practice Exam

What systemic approach is involved in the chain of infection?

1. Pathogen- host- treatment

2. Pathogenic agent- environment- population

3. Pathogenic agent- reservoir- portal of exit- transmission- portal of entry- susceptible host

4. Pathogenic agent- immune response- infection

The correct answer is: Pathogenic agent- reservoir- portal of exit- transmission- portal of entry- susceptible host

The correct answer describes the comprehensive sequence of events that constitute the chain of infection, which is crucial in understanding how infectious diseases spread. This approach outlines specific elements that must be present for an infection to occur. The chain begins with the pathogenic agent, which is the microbe responsible for causing the infection. From there, the agent exists in a reservoir, which acts as a habitat where the pathogen can live and multiply. This is followed by the portal of exit, through which the pathogen leaves the reservoir. Transmission occurs next, where the pathogen is transferred to a new host. This can happen through various means, including direct contact, airborne particles, or vectors like insects. The new host has a portal of entry, which allows the pathogen to enter their body. Finally, a susceptible host is an individual who can become infected due to factors like weakened immune systems, younger age, or pre-existing health conditions. Understanding this sequence is critical for implementing effective infection control measures and breaking the chain at any of these points to prevent disease transmission. This systemic view helps healthcare professionals identify and manage potential outbreaks by targeting specific links in the chain.