AEMCA Practice Exam

What type of white blood cell produces antibodies?

1. Monocytes

2. Eosinophils

3. B lymphocytes

4. Neutrophils

The correct answer is: B lymphocytes

B lymphocytes, or B cells, are a crucial component of the adaptive immune system responsible for the production of antibodies. When B lymphocytes encounter an antigen, they can differentiate into plasma cells, which are specialized cells that synthesize and secrete antibodies. These antibodies are specific proteins that recognize and bind to particular antigens, aiding in the neutralization of pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, and marking them for destruction by other immune cells. The role of B lymphocytes is essential for the immune response, particularly in how the body develops long-term immunity after infection or vaccination. This ability to produce antibodies ensures that the immune system can respond more effectively upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogens. In contrast, other types of white blood cells have different functions. Monocytes play a role in phagocytosis and can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells. Eosinophils are primarily involved in combating parasitic infections and participating in allergic responses. Neutrophils act mainly as frontline defenders against infections by engulfing and destroying pathogens through phagocytosis. Thus, B lymphocytes specifically stand out in their unique capability of antibody production within the immune system.