AEMCA Practice Exam

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

1. Nucleus

2. Golgi apparatus

3. Mitochondria

4. Ribosome

The correct answer is: Mitochondria

Mitochondria are widely referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they are the primary site of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production through the process of cellular respiration. ATP serves as the energy currency of the cell, providing the necessary energy for various cellular processes that support life. Mitochondria perform crucial functions, such as converting energy stored in nutrients into a form that the cell can use. This process involves a series of complex biochemical reactions, including the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which take place in the mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane, respectively. The efficiency of mitochondria in energy production underscores their vital role in maintaining cellular function and overall metabolic health. Other organelles, like the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes, play distinct roles in the cell. The nucleus houses genetic material and is responsible for regulating gene expression and cell division. The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell. Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains. While all these organelles are important for various cellular functions, none are directly involved in the production of ATP, which is why the mitochondria are specifically