AEMCA Practice Exam

Which receptor blockade is most likely associated with akathisia as a side effect of antipsychotic treatment?

1. Serotonin receptors

2. Dopamine receptors

3. Norepinephrine receptors

4. Acetylcholine receptors

The correct answer is: Dopamine receptors

The correct association of akathisia as a side effect of antipsychotic treatment is primarily linked to the blockade of dopamine receptors. Akathisia is characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and an uncontrollable need to be in constant motion. This condition is particularly related to the effects of antipsychotic medications, which often work by antagonizing dopamine receptors in the brain, specifically the D2 receptor subtype. Dopamine plays a crucial role in the regulation of movement and emotions. When these receptors are blocked, it can lead to an imbalance in the dopaminergic system, which may manifest as akathisia. This side effect occurs more frequently with first-generation antipsychotics, which have a higher propensity to bind to and block dopamine receptors compared to second-generation antipsychotics. Understanding the role of dopamine receptor antagonism in the pathophysiology of akathisia helps in recognizing the neurological underpinnings of this side effect, allowing for better management and selection of appropriate antipsychotic treatments based on an individual's side effect profile.