AEMCA Practice Exam

Which substance is classified as a nephrotoxin?

1. Carbon Dioxide

2. Potassium Cyanide

3. Formaldehyde

4. Acetone

The correct answer is: Carbon Dioxide

The correct answer is Potassium Cyanide. A nephrotoxin is a substance that is specifically toxic to the kidneys. Potassium cyanide can cause severe damage to kidney tissue as well as other organ systems, leading to acute kidney injury as a result of its actions. Carbon dioxide is a normal metabolic byproduct and is not classified as a nephrotoxin. While it can be harmful in high concentrations, it primarily affects the respiratory system rather than directly damaging the kidneys. Formaldehyde is a chemical commonly used as a preservative and in various industrial applications, and although it is toxic and can have various health effects, it is not specifically classified as a nephrotoxin. Acetone is a solvent that is also produced in the body during metabolism; it is not known for causing kidney damage in the way nephrotoxins do. Thus, while all of the other substances listed have toxic effects, only Potassium Cyanide is recognized for its nephrotoxic properties.