AEMCA Practice Exam

Why is insulin crucial for the body’s functionality?

1. It helps in digestion

2. It activates a glucose transporter molecule that allows glucose entry into cells

3. It regulates blood pressure

4. It stimulates muscle growth

The correct answer is: It activates a glucose transporter molecule that allows glucose entry into cells

Insulin plays a vital role in the body's functionality primarily by regulating glucose levels within the bloodstream. When food is consumed, glucose enters the bloodstream, leading to an increase in blood sugar levels. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, facilitates the entry of glucose into the cells by activating glucose transporter molecules. These transporters are essential for allowing glucose, which cells utilize as a primary energy source, to pass through the cell membrane. In addition to enabling glucose uptake, insulin also helps in the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues, thus maintaining balanced energy levels throughout the body. Without adequate insulin action, glucose cannot effectively enter cells, leading to persistently high blood sugar levels and subsequently, conditions like diabetes. While other options may relate to bodily processes, such as digestion, blood pressure regulation, and muscle growth, they do not capture the primary function of insulin in glucose management as effectively as the chosen answer does. Insulin’s key role in activating glucose transporter molecules emphasizes its importance in energy metabolism and overall bodily function.